When winter temperatures plunge below freezing, your plumbing becomes vulnerable. Frozen pipes aren't just an inconvenience—they can burst, causing extensive water damage and costly repairs. Taking time to winterize your plumbing before the cold arrives is one of the best investments you can make in your home.
Why Pipes Freeze
Water expands as it freezes, creating tremendous pressure inside pipes. This pressure can cause pipes to crack or burst, even if the ice blockage is some distance from where the break occurs. Pipes most at risk include those in unheated interior spaces like basements, attics, and garages, as well as pipes running through exterior walls or under cabinets on outside walls.
Outdoor Preparation
Start by disconnecting all garden hoses from outdoor faucets. Even frost-free hose bibs can freeze if a hose remains attached because water stays trapped in the fixture. Drain the hoses and store them indoors. If you have separate shut-off valves for outdoor faucets, close them and open the outside faucets to drain any remaining water.
Drain and winterize irrigation systems if you have them. Consider having a professional blow out the lines with compressed air to prevent damage.
Protecting Exposed Pipes
Insulate pipes in unheated areas with foam pipe insulation or heat tape. Pay special attention to pipes in the garage, crawl space, attic, and along exterior walls. Even a thin layer of insulation can make a significant difference in preventing freezing.
During Extreme Cold
When temperatures drop severely, take extra precautions. Open cabinet doors under sinks on exterior walls to let warm air circulate around pipes. Let faucets drip slightly—moving water is less likely to freeze. Keep your thermostat at a consistent temperature day and night; the small increase in heating cost is far less than repairing burst pipes.
If You Leave Town
Never set your thermostat below 55°F when you're away during winter. Consider having someone check on your home periodically. If you'll be gone for an extended time, you might drain your water system entirely—but consult a professional before doing so.
Signs of Frozen Pipes
If you turn on a faucet and only a trickle comes out, a pipe may be frozen. You might also notice frost on visible pipes or unusual odors from drains (frozen pipes can cause sewage backup). If you suspect a frozen pipe, keep the faucet open and apply gentle heat using a hair dryer or heating pad—never use an open flame. If you can't locate or thaw the frozen section, call a plumber.